基于固体工质的空间微推进技术研究进展

Research Progress of Space Micro-Propulsion Technology Based on Solid-Propellant

关键词:  微纳卫星  微推进  固体工质  电推进  化学推进  综述

Key words:  Micro-nano satellite  Micro-propulsion  Solid propellant  Electric propulsion  Chemical propulsion  Review

摘要:

采用固体工质的微推力器具备结构简单、可靠性高、成本低的优点，是最适合微纳卫星的动力装置之一。固体微推进技术可分为微电推进和微化学推进两大类。本文介绍了五种典型固体微推力器的工作原理，包括微脉冲等离子体推力器、真空弧推力器、电控固体微推力器、激光微推力器、固体阵列微推力器，系统梳理了它们的发展历程，总结了其最新的研究进展和应用现状。在此基础上，对固体微推进技术的发展方向进行了展望，以期为微纳卫星动力系统的研发与优选提供参考。

Abstract:

Micro-thruster with solid propellant has the advantages of simple structure， high reliability and low cost， so it is one of the most suitable power devices for micro-nano satellite. Solid micro-propulsion technology can be divided into two categories： micro-electric propulsion and micro-chemical propulsion. This paper introduces the working principles of five typical solid micro-thrusters， including micro-pulse plasma thruster， vacuum arc thruster， electronically controlled solid micro-thruster， laser micro-thruster and solid array micro-thruster， systematically combs their development history， and summarizes their latest research progress and application status. On this basis， the development direction of solid micro-propulsion technology is prospected， in order to provide reference for the research and development and optimization of micro-nano satellite power system.