电推进在低轨空间互联网巨型星座的应用研究

Application Research of Electric Propulsion in LEO Space-Internet Mega-Constellations

关键词:  低轨巨型星座  轨道控制需求  电推进  低功耗  轻量化  综述

Key words:  LEO mega-constellations  Orbit control demand  Electric propulsion  Low power  Light weight  Review

摘要:

为了研究电推进在低轨空间互联网巨型星座的应用特点，分析了低轨巨型星座自主轨道控制需求，总结了巨型星座轨道部署、构型保持、轨位调整、碰撞规避和离轨机动控制对推进执行机构的性能需求。通过化学推进和电推进的对比分析，梳理了新型电推进技术的低功耗、高比冲、快响应、轻量化和低成本优势，对电推进在低轨巨型星座上的应用前景作了展望。最后结合未来低轨空间互联网巨型星座的发展和应用场景，对新型电推进的技术特点和研究趋势进行了总结，并提出了对其基本性能要求：功率小于400W，推力大于5mN，比冲大于1350s，结构比重小于0.15，工作寿命大于9000h。

Abstract:

In order to study the application characteristics of electric propulsion in low earth orbit （LEO） space internet mega-constellations， the autonomous orbit control demand for low LEO mega-constellations was analyzed， and mega-constellations orbit deployment， formation keeping， orbital position， collision evasion， and deorbit maneuver adjustments were summarized. The relatively low power， high specific impulse， quick response， light weight， and low cost technological advantageous were combed from the contrastive analysis of chemical propulsion and electric propulsion， and the application prospect of LEO mega-constellations was forecasted. Finally， combining the development and application of （LEO） mega-constellations， the paper describes the technical characteristics and research trends of the new electric propulsion， and some property requirements of electric propulsion including power less than 400W， thrust higher than 5mN， specific impulse higher than 1350s， structure proportion less than 0.15， and working life more than 9000h were proposed.