阳极层霍尔电推进技术研究现状与难点分析

Research Status and Difficulty Analysis of Hall Electric Propulsion Technology with Anode Layer

关键词:  霍尔推力器  阳极层  技术特点  研究现状  技术难点  综述

Key words:  Hall thruster  Anode layer  Technical characteristics  Research status  Technical difficulties  Review

摘要:

本文从阳极层霍尔推力器的技术特点出发，分析了单级和双级阳极层霍尔推力器在结构和性能上的差异；梳理国内外阳极层霍尔推力器的研究现状，结合未来大载荷空间任务的动力需求指出阳极层霍尔推力器未来的发展趋势；最后，提出了阳极层霍尔推力器在研制中的主要技术问题，主要包括电离与加速独立控制、放电模式与模式跳变、推力器工作模式的多样化、高电压强磁场设计、小间隙高压绝缘问题、高电压热设计以及放电室溅射削蚀等，分析了技术难点并给出解决思路。

Abstract:

Based on the technical characteristics of the Hall thruster with anode layer， the discrepancies of structure and performance between one-stage and two-stage Hall thrusters with anode layer were analysed. Then， the research status of the Hall thruster with anode layer was introduced and the tendency was presented combined with the heavy-load space missions in the future. Finally， the technical difficulties of the Hall thruster with anode layer were elaborated and explicated， i.e. independent control of ionization and acceleration， discharge mode and mode transition， diversification of working modes， high-intensity magnetic field design with high voltage， high voltage insulation with small gap， thermal design with high voltage， discharge chamber erosion， and the technical difficulties were analysed， and the solutions were presented.