基于混合生命周期评价的我国绿色航空器碳排放比较研究

A comparative study of China's green aircraft carbon emissions based on hybrid life cycle assessment

关键词:  航空碳排放  绿色航空器  可再生能源  混合生命周期评价  投入产出分析

Key words:  Aviation carbon emissions  Green aircraft  Renewable energy  Hybrid life cycle assessment  Input-output analysis

摘要:

为准确核算绿色航空器生命周期二氧化碳排放，并评估其减排效果，构建了将过程分析与投入产出分析相结合的混合生命周期评价模型，用于核算生物质能航空器、电动航空器以及氢能航空器的生命周期碳排放，并与传统航空器进行比较。结果发现，采用风电制氢驱动的航空器在全部绿色航空器中碳排放最低，仅为674.21 g/（t·km）。灰氢驱动的航空器碳排放最高，达到1 724.12 g/（t·km）。这说明燃料来源对航空器的“绿度”至关重要，若以化石能源制氢或发电驱动航空器，尽管运行过程不产生直接排放，但其排放却转移至上游产业链。总体上，绿色航空器减碳效果较好。与传统航空器相比，氢能航空器、生物燃料航空器和电动航空器可分别减少25%，20%和10%的二氧化碳排放。

Abstract:

In order to accurately account for the life-cycle carbon dioxide emissions of green aircraft and evaluate their emission reduction effects， a hybrid life-cycle evaluation model combining process analysis and input-output analysis was developed to account for the life-cycle carbon emissions of biomass， electric and hydrogen powered aircraft， and to compare them with those of conventional aircraft. The results show that aircraft powered by hydrogen from wind electrolysis have the lowest carbon emission of all green aircraft， at 674.21 g/（t·km）， while those powered by grey hydrogen have the highest carbon emission， at 1 724.12 g/（t·km） indicating that the fuel source is critical to the ‘greenness’ of the aircraft. If the aircraft is powered by hydrogen from fossil sources or electricity， the emissions are transferred to the upstream chain， although there are no direct emissions from the operation. In general， green aircraft are more effective at reducing carbon emissions. Compared to conventional aircraft， hydrogen powered aircraft， biomass powered aircraft and electric aircraft can reduce CO₂ emissions by 25%， 20% and 10%， respectively.