一种评定固体推进剂燃烧效率的方法——爆热效率

A Method for Evaluation on Combustion Efficiency of Solid Propellants—Explosion Heat Efficiency

关键词:  固体推进剂  燃烧效率  爆热  能量性能  爆热效率

Key words:  Solid propellant  Combustion efficiency  Explosion heat  Energetic property  Explosion heat efficiency

摘要:

针对当前理论爆热仅有概念没有计算实例的现象，通过测试不同样品量的推进剂定容爆热并对最佳质量的燃气进行气相色谱实验，分析了最小自由能法计算推进剂燃烧产物的应用界限。研究认为，最小自由能法只能用于计算发动机燃烧室高温下的绝热定压燃烧产物，不适用于计算常温下的爆热产物。提出并明确了推进剂理论定压和定容爆热的计算方法；建立并验证了降温到298K燃烧产物的确定方法。针对当前推进剂燃烧效率大多为定性评判的现象，将爆热效率定义为实际定容爆热与理论定容爆热之比，用来定量表征推进剂的燃烧效率，可以实现用少量推进剂对其燃烧效率进行综合评判，尤其适用于推进剂配方研制阶段。

Abstract:

In view of the current lack of calculation samples of theoretical explosion heat， while its concept has long been presented， the constant volume explosion heat of different sample quantities of propellants was tested and the products of maximum explosion heat sample were determined by gas chromatography. Theoretical calculations show that minimum Gibbs free energy method works for calculating the adiabatic constant pressure combustion products at high temperatures in the solid rocket motor chamber， but not suitable for solving the products at ambient temperature（298K）， meaning the applications of minimum Gibbs free energy method have the limitation. Accordingly， a new method for calculating constant pressure explosion heat or constant volume explosion heat is proposed based on a proven novel method， which is established for purposes of determining the combustion products that cooled down to 298K. Considering that the classical combustion efficiency is evaluated by qualitative comparison， a parameter， named as explosion heat efficiency， is defined by the ratio of the actual constant volume explosion heat to the theoretical constant volume explosion heat， implying that the combustion efficiency of solid propellants can be quantitatively characterized. A small amount of propellants can bring a comprehensive assessment of combustion performance， providing for great convience to the stage of propellant formulation development.