基于前缘凸结的推进泵叶片空化控制研究

Blade Cavitation Control by Leading-Edge Tubercles in Water Jet Pump

关键词:  喷水推进泵  仿生凸结  空化控制  水洞实验  数值模拟

Key words:  Water jet pump  Bionic tubercles  Cavitation control  Water tunnel experiment  Numerical simulation

摘要:

为抑制推进泵空化不稳定引起的振动、噪声等危害，采用仿座头鲸鳍状肢前缘凸结的方法对推进泵叶片空化进行控制，通过水洞实验和数值模拟对前缘凸结的空化控制效果和机理进行了研究。结果表明，与原型泵相比，本文设计的仿生泵扬程得到了提升，且其效率损失小于2.5%；该仿生泵的前缘凸结会诱发涡结构，使叶片表面适度湍流化，造成空化区域的展向发展受到限制，空泡稳定性得到提高，但其也会导致波谷处存在低压区，造成仿生泵空化初生提前。总体来说，前缘凸结可以有效控制空化脱落和不稳定脉动，但凸结结构参数有待进一步优化以延缓由于波谷处局部压力较低而引发的空化初生提前。

Abstract:

In order to suppress vibration， noise and other hazards caused by the unsteady cavitation of water jet pumps，the leading-edge tubercles of humpback whale flippers are used to control the cavitation of pump blades. The water tunnel experiment and numerical simulation were conducted to study the control effects and mechanism. The results show that compared with the original pump， the head of the designed bionic pump increases with an efficiency loss of less than 2.5%. The vortex structure induced by leading-edge tubercles of the bionic pump makes the blade surface moderately turbulent， which can limit the spanwise development of the cavitation area and improve the cavitation stability. However， it can also cause low pressure at the troughs， resulting in the early cavitation initiation of the bionic pump.As a whole， the leading-edge tubercles can effectively control the cavitation shedding and unstable pulsation， but its structure parameters need to be further optimized to delay the early cavitation initiation caused by the low pressure at the troughs.