被动吸气式电推力器气体收集装置性能仿真研究

Simulation Study on Performance of Gas Collection Device in Passive Air-Breathing Electric Thruster

关键词:  吸气式电推力器  气体收集装置  超低近地轨道  集气效率  压力分布

Key words:  Air-Breathing electric thruster  Gas collection device  Ultra-low earth orbit  Efficiency of gas collecting  Pressure distribution

摘要:

为分析被动吸气式电推力器气体收集装置设计对其性能的影响情况，以200km超低轨道下立方星推进装置为应用背景，进行了被动吸气式电推力器气体收集装置的性能仿真研究设计，采用基于稀薄气体的自由分子流模型对进气道装置内气流进行了仿真，研究了不同关键参数，包括几何形状（抛物线型、圆锥型、棱锥型）、入口出口截面比、长度、进气道内壁光滑程度多种因素对气体收集装置集气效率的影响，选取典型参数模型计算其内部气压分布规律。仿真结果表明，在三种形状设计中抛物线型进气道对气体聚焦效果最佳，入口出口截面比越小、长度越大以及进气道内壁越光滑，进气道性能越优。所设计的10cm抛物线型被动式进气道能够实现对大气120倍的压缩效果。

Abstract:

In order to analyze the effects of the design of the gas collection device in the passive air-breathing electric thruster on its performance， the design of the gas collection device of the passive air-breathing electric thruster is carried out based on the application background of the cube star propulsion device in the ultra-low orbit of 200km. The free molecular flow model based on rarefied gas is used to simulate the air flow in the inlet device， and the effects of different key parameters on the gas collection efficiency are considered， including geometry （parabola， cone， pyramid）， area ratio of inlet and outlet， length， smoothness of the inner wall of the inlet， etc. Meanwhile， the typical parameter model is selected to calculate the internal pressure distribution. The simulation results show that the parabolic inlet has the best focusing effect on the gas in the three shape designs. The smaller the section ratio of the inlet and outlet， the longer the length and the smoother the inner wall of the inlet， the better the performance of the inlet is. The 10 cm parabolic passive inlet designed in this paper can attain 120 times of atmospheric compression effect.