船舶柴油机黑炭排放研究现状与展望

Research Prospect and Advancement of Black Carbon Emissions from Marine Diesel Engines

关键词:  船舶柴油机  黑炭  排放  理化特性  测试技术  控制技术

Key words:  Marine diesel engine  Black carbon  Emission  Physical and chemical characteristics  Measurement technology  Control technology

摘要:

为进一步加强对船舶柴油机黑炭排放生成机理和特性的理解，探索有效的黑炭检测方法和排放控制技术，本文回顾有关船舶排放政策、黑炭定义、生成机理、理化特性、采样和测试以及控制技术等研究进展。指出加强包括火焰内颗粒形成与氧化机制以及润滑油的影响等船舶黑炭排放生成机理研究的必要性。论述船舶黑炭颗粒微观形貌、纳观结构、表面官能团、氧化活性、粒径尺寸、化学成分、元素组成等理化特性及影响。归纳黑炭排放测试与控制技术，建议结合多种检测方法，解决黑炭测试结果的不确定性问题。提倡借鉴车用柴油机成功经验，促进燃料、燃烧和尾气后处理技术的协同进步，实现船舶柴油机黑炭排放的有效控制。

Abstract:

To further strengthen the understanding of generation mechanism and characteristics of black carbon emitted from marine diesel engines and to explore related measurement and emission control technologies effectively， a review about emission policy related to ships， black carbon（BC） definition， formation mechanism， physical and chemical characteristics， sampling and measuring method， control measures was reported. It was first suggested to strengthen investigation on soot formation mechanism including formation and oxidation in flame and influence of lubricating oil. Additionally， characteristics of BC were discussed and analyzed， including microscopic aggregate morphology， nanostructure characteristics， surface functional groups， oxidation activity， particle size and composition. On this basis， it summarized measurement technology and control technology and suggested the combination of varieties of detection to solve the uncertainty of BC measurement. Summarized， it is advocated to learn from the successful experience of automotive diesel engines， by promoting the coordinated development of fuel， combustion and after-treatment devices， to reduce black carbon emissions from marine diesel engines.