近代大型液体火箭发动机的特点

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN LARGE LIQUID ROCKET ENGINE

关键词:  液体推进剂火箭发动机  高压补燃火箭发动机  液氧-液氢发动机  可靠性

Key words:  Liquid propellant rocket engine  High pressure staged combusting rocket engine  LOX-hydrogen engine  Reliability

摘要:

本文对近代大型液体火箭发动机的特点进行了综述和分析.文中指出:使用高能、无毒的液氧、煤油和液氧、液氢为大型液体火箭发动机的推进剂势在必行;采用高压补燃循环系统可以明显提高发动机的比冲、减小发动机尺寸和质量;采用推进剂利用系统可以减少推进剂的剩余量,以提高运载火箭的有效载荷;使用辅助增压泵可降低贮箱压力,并提高发动机主泵的入口压力,以保证主泵在没有汽蚀的条件下可靠工作;高可靠性、长寿命和重复使用对航天产品尤为重要.

Abstract:

The characteristics of modern large liquid rocket engine are summarized and analyzed in this paper.The results show that it is essential to use the high-energy non-toxic fuel (such as liquid oxygen and kerosene or liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen) as propellant in the large liquid rocket engine.The specific impulse of engine can be increased obviously and the geometery and mass of engine can be decreased by adopting the high-pressure staged combustion feed system. The residual propellant in rocket tanks can be decreased by applying a propellant utilization system, and the payload of launch vehicle will increase. The pressure in rocket tanks and the pressure on the inlet of main pumps can be increased by using boost pumps, so as to ensure that the main pumps can work reliably without cavitation erosion.The high reliability, long life expectance and reusability are especially important for astronautical products.