航天推进用高密度液体碳氢燃料:合成与应用 *

High-Density Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels for Aerospace Propulsion: Synthesis and Application

关键词:  航天燃料  高密度燃料  四环庚烷  生物质高密度燃料  金刚烃燃料  燃烧  热沉

Key words:  Aerospace propellant  High-density fuel  Quadricyclane  High-density biofuels  Alkyl-diamondoid fuels  Combustion  Heat sink

摘要:

高密度燃料已成为重要的航天推进液体燃料。简要介绍了国外高密度燃料的合成进展，包括JP-10，T-10，RJ-5，RJ-7等；重点介绍了天津大学的燃料研究进展，包括HD-01、密度大于1g/ml的燃料、四环庚烷、金刚烃燃料、生物质高密度燃料等，并报道了四环庚烷的自燃特性。为解决超声速飞行条件下燃料的点火及主动冷却问题，制备了油溶性纳米Pd和Pt颗粒添加剂，分别降低了JP-10的点火温度，提高了JP-10的裂解热沉。

Abstract:

High-density liquid hydrocarbon fuels can extend the flight range and increase the payload of vehicles and have been widely utilized in aerospace propulsion. In this paper，some typical fuels，such as JP-10，T-10，RJ-7，were briefly introduced. In particular，high-density fuels developed in Tianjin University，including HD-01，fuels with density >1g/ml，alkyl-diamondoids，quadricyclane and high-density biofuels，were presented. In addition，the hypergolic ignition of quadricyclane was reported for the first time. To overcome the ignition and cooling problems under hypersonic cruise，monodispersed Pd and Pt nanoparticles that can be dispersed in fuels stably were synthesized as catalysts. The ignition temperature of JP-10 was decreased by Pd nanoparticles and the heat sink via cracking was increased by Pt nanoparticles.