氢能源民用飞机技术路线与总体概念设计方法研究

Technical route research and concept design of hydrogen aircraft

关键词:  净零碳排放  氢能源  储氢质量分数  飞机总体设计  能源动力架构

Key words:  Net-zero carbon emission  Hydrogen energy  Mass fraction of hydrogen storage  Aircraft concept design  Energy power architecture

摘要:

本文以实现民用飞机净零碳排放为目标，寻找可以在未来投入大规模应用的新能源动力形式。从能量密度、功率密度、减碳以及能源经济性等维度开展对比评估，结合通勤飞机、窄体干线、宽体客机等典型座级航程的各级别民机产品的能源动力系统的质量对比，本研究认为“氢能源+涡轮机”将是未来新能源民用飞机最具可行性的能源动力组合。建立了适用于氢能飞机的总体设计流程，针对窄体干线氢能客机开展总体设计，采用阻力分解方法估算气动效率，多种分类质量计算方法估算空重，经过设计迭代形成可行的氢能飞机总体参数和初步概念方案。分析结果表明，对于窄体干线级别民机，采用“氢能源+涡轮机”的动力架构使该级别飞机起飞质量比传统燃油飞机增加不到10%。考虑到未来10~20年氢能动力系统和机载氢燃料存储技术可预见的突破，氢能飞机是实现航空运输净零碳排放的非常具有潜力的解决方案。

Abstract:

With the goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions from commercial aircraft， new forms of energy that can be put into large-scale applications in the future are found . Comparative evaluations are carried out with the aspects of specific energy， specific power， emissions reduction and economic effect. Combined with the mass comparison of the energy power system of various levels of civil aircraft products such as commuter， narrow-body， wide-body， the hydrogen energy with gas turbine is shown to be the most feasible energy power combination in the medium and long term of the future. The overall design process for hydrogen-powered aircraft is established. Conceptual design of medium-range hydrogen-powered passenger aircraft is carried out， and the aerodynamic efficiency is estimated by means of drag decomposition， and empty mass is estimated with the method of classified mass calculation. The overall parameters and preliminary conceptual scheme of a feasible hydrogen-powered aircraft are formed with design iteration. The results show that the use of power structure of liquid hydrogen with gas turbine can increase the take-off mass by within 10% compared with the conventional kerosene-powered aircraft for short to medium range， narrow-body civil aircraft. With the consideration of the foreseeable breakthroughs in hydrogen power system and hydrogen storage technology in the next 10 to 20 years， hydrogen-powered aircraft is the most potential solution to achieve net-zero carbon emissions for air transport.