高超声速飞/发一体化进展与趋势

Advances and Trends in Airframe/Engine Integration of Hypersonic Vehicles

关键词:  高超声速飞行器  超燃冲压发动机  一体化设计  乘波体  计算流体力学  综述

Key words:  Hypersonic vehicle  Scramjet  Integrated design  Waverider  Computational fluid dynamic  Review

摘要:

高超声速飞行对机体和发动机的特性匹配提出了更高的要求以兼顾飞行器的气动性能和吸气式发动机的推力性能。本文从数值计算的角度综述了国内外开展的前体/进气道、尾喷管/后体局部集成研究，以及集成发动机的整体性能评估与优化实践，针对一系列新颖的乘波体、进气道和尾喷管设计概念开展了重点介绍。总体而言，目前的一体化研究仍多侧重于局部结构和流场的集成优化，而对包括发动机在内全部件集成、全流场数值模拟开展得还较少。目前的飞/发一体化模拟中发动机内流模拟多采用简化降维模型，甚至仅将发动机作为一个气动部件忽略其燃烧热附加过程，而耦合高保真发动机反应内流模拟的飞/发一体化研究尚处于起步阶段。随着计算机技术的进步，高解析度大涡模拟等数值手段有望被引入飞/发一体化内外流耦合模拟中，并在飞行器优化设计中发挥重要作用。

Abstract:

Hypersonic vehicles put forward higher requirements for the performance matching of airframe and engine to achieve a better aerodynamic performance of the vehicle and higher thrust performance of the airbreathing engine. From the perspective of numerical modeling， this paper summarizes the domestic and international research progress on the local integration of forebody/inlet and nozzle/afterbody， as well as the integrated performance evaluation and optimization. A series of novel design concepts of waverider， inlet， and nozzle are emphatically introduced. Overall speaking， the current airframe/engine integration focuses more on the integration of local components and the optimization of local flow fields while less on the integration of all components， including the engine， and the modeling of the tip-to-tail flow field. In the current airframe/engine integrated modelings， the modelings of internal engine flow path mostly adopt reduced-order models or even treat the engine as a pure aerodynamic model ignoring the heat addition by combustion. However， the airframe/engine integration modeling coupled with high-fidelity engine models is still scarce. With the development of computational technology， high-resolution large eddy simulation is expected to be introduced into the airframe/engine integrated modeling， and play an essential role in the performance optimization of vehicles.