电推进磁喷管研究综述

Research Review for Magnetic Nozzle of Electric Propulsion

关键词:  电推进  磁喷管  粒子加速  磁分离  电子动理学

Key words:  Electric propulsion  Magnetic nozzle  Particle acceleration  Magnetic detachment  Electron kinetics

摘要:

在电推进领域，通常使用“收敛-扩张型”或“扩张型”的同轴附加磁场来对推力器的羽流进行约束和加速，以获得更好的推进性能，该附加磁场被称为磁喷管。本文介绍了磁喷管的应用前景、基本概念及磁喷管中涉及的主要物理机制和简要的工作原理，调研了国内外磁喷管的研究现状，总结了广泛采用的三种数值模拟方法，分析比较了各种模型、方法的优缺点，同时介绍了基于各式等离子体源的磁喷管实验研究。在此基础上，提炼出了研究者们共同关注的四个关键的科学问题及学界目前对这些关键问题的认识，进而分析了磁喷管研究领域目前的发展趋势，对中国未来的磁喷管研究提出了建议与展望。

Abstract:

In the field of electric propulsion， a “convergent-divergent” or “divergent” applied magnetic field is commonly used to confine and accelerate the thruster plume for better propulsion performance and is called a magnetic nozzle. This paper introduces the application prospects， basic concept of magnetic nozzle and the main physical mechanisms involved in the magnetic nozzle and the brief working principle of it. The state-of-the-art research status of magnetic nozzles at home and abroad is investigated， and the widely used plasma models and three numerical simulation methods are summarized， the advantages and disadvantages of various models and methods are analyzed and compared， and experimental studies based on various plasma sources are introduced. On this basis， four key scientific issues of common interest to researchers are extracted and the latest understandings of these key issues are presented. Then， the current development trend in the field of magnetic nozzle research is analyzed， and the suggestions and outlook on the future magnetic nozzle research in China is presented.