航空用燃料电池及混合电推进系统发展综述

Review of Aviation Fuel Cell and Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems

关键词:  航空动力系统  电推进  混合动力  燃料电池  燃料重整

Key words:  Aircraft power system  Electric propulsion  Hybrid power  Fuel cell  Fuel reforming

摘要:

随着世界范围内碳减排需求的日益增长及长航时飞机的发展需要，高效率的燃料电池航空电推进系统逐渐受到重视，氢能航空的理念被人们所熟知，可使用碳氢燃料的高温燃料电池还可与燃气涡轮组成混合动力系统，发电效率进一步提高至70%。本文回顾了燃料电池及燃料电池涡轮混合系统在航空能源、动力系统方向应用概况；概述了几种突破现有涡轮发动机技术瓶颈的新概念混合电推进系统，如发电与推进一体化燃料电池涡轮混合动力系统和无涡轮燃料电池混合推进系统；基于此，分析了限制燃料电池混合系统实际应用的关键技术难题，主要体现在混合动力系统功重比较低、大分子碳氢燃料重整技术未突破两方面。

Abstract:

With the increasing demand of carbon emission reduction and the development of long endurance aircraft in the world， the high efficiency fuel cell aviation electric propulsion system has been paid more and more attention， and the concept of hydrogen aviation is well known. The high temperature fuel cell which can use hydrocarbon fuel can also form a hybrid power system with gas turbine， and the power generation efficiency can be further improved to 70%. Firstly， this paper reviews the application of fuel cell and fuel cell turbine hybrid system in aviation energy and power system. Then， several new concepts of hybrid electric propulsion systems are summarized， such as power generation and propulsion integrated fuel cell turbine hybrid power system and non turbine fuel cell hybrid propulsion system. Based on this， this paper analyzes the key technical problems that limit the practical application of the fuel cell hybrid system， mainly reflected in the low power to weight ratio of the hybrid system and not achieved a breakthrough of the macromolecular hydrocarbon fuel reforming technology.