高能合成煤油GN-1性能研究

Performance of High Energy Synthetic Kerosene GN-1

关键词:  高能合成煤油  GN-1  液氧/煤油  理化性能  安全性能  流动传热

Key words:  High-energy synthetic kerosene  GN-1  Liquid oxygen/kerosene  Physical and chemical properties  Safety properties  Flow heat transfer

摘要:

为了获得高能合成煤油（GN-1煤油）物化性能随温度和压力的变化规律，掌握GN-1煤油与现役火箭煤油在应用特性方面的差异，采用理论计算和实验方法，对GN-1煤油在物化性能（密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力）变化规律、安全特性（闪点、自燃温度、燃点、爆炸极限、毒性）、流动传热与结焦特性以及点火延迟特性进行了研究，并与火箭煤油进行了对比。通过实验研究得到了最高温度不超过200℃，最高压力不超过25MPa下GN-1煤油的密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力实验数据，结合理论计算，获得了GN-1煤油在-40~350℃，0.1~60MPa内热物性变化规律，并与火箭煤油进行了对比。此外，研究结果还表明：GN-1煤油的闪点为40℃（低于火箭煤油闪点74℃），自燃温度为305℃（高于火箭煤油自燃温度225℃），燃点为47℃（低于火箭煤油燃点82℃），爆炸极限为0.44%～2.9%（40℃），GN-1煤油和火箭煤油急性经口毒性LD₅₀＞5000mg/kg。在入口压力10MPa，流速10m/s，内壁温480℃条件下，GN-1煤油的传热系数比火箭煤油提高14.4%。在采用GH3128高温合金管条件下，GN-1煤油出口油温220℃时试验段平均结焦速率是出口油温150℃时的4.43倍，GN-1煤油316L不锈钢管路中试验段平均结焦速率为GH3128高温合金管路中的22.3%。在970～1105K内，GN-1煤油的点火延迟时间为火箭煤油的55.6%～69.3%。

Abstract:

In order to obtain the change law of the physical and chemical properties of high-energy synthetic kerosene （GN-1 kerosene） with temperature and pressure， and to grasp the difference in application characteristics between GN-1 kerosene and rocket kerosene in service， theoretical calculations and experimental methods were used to investigate the physical and chemical properties （density， viscosity， constant pressure specific heat capacity， thermal conductivity， surface tension） change law， safety characteristics （flash point， spontaneous combustion temperature， ignition point， explosion limit， toxicity）， flow heat transfer and coking characteristics， and ignition delay characteristics， which were compared with rocket kerosene. The experimental data of density， viscosity， specific heat capacity， thermal conductivity and surface tension of GN-1 kerosene at the highest temperature not exceeding 200℃ and the highest pressure not exceeding 25MPa were obtained through experimental research. The physical and chemical properties change laws in the range of -40~350℃， 0.1~60MPa of GN-1 kerosene were obtained by theoretical calculations， which were compared with rocket kerosene. In addition， the research results also show that the flash point of GN-1 kerosene is 40℃ （lower than that of rocket kerosene 74℃）， the spontaneous combustion temperature is 305℃ （higher than that of rocket kerosene 225℃ ）， and the ignition point is 47℃ （lower than that of rocket kerosene 82℃）， the explosion limit range of GN-1 kerosene is 0.44%~2.9% （40℃）， the acute oral toxicity LD₅₀ values of GN-1 kerosene and rocket kerosene are both over 5000mg/kg. At an inlet pressure of 10MPa， a flow rate of 10m/s， and the inner wall temperature of 480°C， the heat transfer coefficient of GN-1 kerosene is 14.4% higher than that of rocket kerosene. Under the condition of using GH3128 high temperature alloy pipe， the test section average coking rate at the outlet oil temperature of GN-1 kerosene at 220℃ is 4.43 times that of the outlet oil temperature at 150℃. The test section average coking rate of GN-1 kerosene in the 316L stainless steel pipeline is 22.3% that in the GH3128 high temperature alloy pipeline. In the temperature range of 970～1105K， the ignition delay time of GN-1 kerosene is 55.6%～69.3% that of rocket kerosene.