长征五号运载火箭动力系统总体技术分析

Key Technology Analysis of CZ-5 Launch Vehicle Propulsion System

关键词:  运载火箭  推进系统  总体设计  动力技术  低温火箭发动机  关键技术

Key words:  Launch vehicle  Propulsion system  System design  Propulsion technology  Cryogenic rocket engine  Key technology

摘要:

简要回顾长征五号运载火箭研制历程，结合国外运载火箭动力系统发展态势，系统梳理了长征五号运载火箭动力系统的设计准则和总体方案，详细介绍了与长征五号有关的新型大推力发动机、循环预冷、低温火箭POGO（液体运载火箭结构系统与动力系统动特性相互耦合而产生的纵向不稳定低频振动）抑制、高可靠增压输送、直径5m液氧/液氢模块动力系统试车、无人值守测试发射等一系列具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统关键技术。以长征五号运载火箭技术发展为牵引，提出了低温火箭发动机、全流程自动化测试发射、动力系统故障诊断、先进POGO抑制等技术发展建议，对火箭的长期停放及在轨的使用维护提出了改进建议。

Abstract:

The development history of CZ-5 launch vehicle has been briefly reviewed. Combining with the development situation of the launch vehicle propulsion system abroad， the design criteria and overall scheme of the propulsion system of CZ-5 launch vehicle have been summarized. Details of a series of new technologies of propulsion system with independent intellectual property rights during the development led by CZ-5 have been deeply included， including new generation powerful rocket engines， circulation precooling， cryogenic rocket POGO（the longitudinal instability and low frequency vibration caused by the coupling of the dynamic characteristics of the liquid launch vehicle structure system and propulsion system） restriction， high reliability of pressurization transportation system， test run of 5m diameter LOX/LH₂ propulsion system and unattended on-site operation during test and launch stage. At the same time， the new expectations for the future requirements of CZ-5 propulsion technology and maintenance improvement have been suggested， such as continuous improvement of cryogenic rocket engines， whole process automatic test and launch，propulsion system fault diagnosis，advanced POGO restriction and long-termed on standby and on orbit.