煤油/氧气预爆器爆震波特性研究

Detonation Combustion Characteristics of Kerosene/Oxygen Initiator

关键词:  旋转爆震发动机  煤油/氧气预爆器  圆管切向预爆管  半圆轴向预爆管  爆震波特性

Key words:  Rotating detonation engine  Kerosene/Oxygen initiator  Tangential circular chamber  Axial semi-circular chamber  Detonation combustion characteristics

摘要:

为了解决液态煤油旋转爆震发动机短距离快速起爆问题，进行了煤油/氧气预爆器方案设计。此方案包括双级轴向旋流和离心喷嘴匹配方案、半圆轴向垂直预爆管和圆管切向预爆管等设计，建立了液态煤油/氧气预爆器爆震波特性试验台。探讨了不同工作时序、当量油气比、预爆管结构等对预爆器爆震燃烧特性的影响。结果表明，预爆器产生的爆震波压力达到4.0MPa以上，爆震波传播速度高于1300m/s，液态煤油/氧气最佳当量油气比存在于0.6~0.73之间一点。对比半圆轴向垂直预爆管和圆管切向预爆管，圆管模型爆震波压力明显高于半圆管模型，而传播速度却低于半圆管模型，圆管模型整体存在着前导激波的生成，而半圆管模型却在生成的爆震波后方有明显的压力波动现象。

Abstract:

In order to quickly initiate a liquid kerosene-fueled rotating detonation engine in a short tube， a kerosene/oxygen detonation initiator scheme was designed. This scheme includes the design of a dual-stage swirler， a centrifugal nozzle， a tangential circular chamber and an axial semi-circular chamber. In addition， to study the characteristics of detonation waves， a liquid kerosene/oxygen initiator test bench was established. The effects of timing， equivalence ratio and initiator structure on the combustion characteristics of detonation were investigated. Results show that the pressure at the outlet of the initiator can reach more than 4.0MPa. And detonation wave speed can reach more than 1300m/s. An optimal equivalence ratio was found to achieve the best detonation energy. This equivalence ratio is between 0.6~0.73. The detonation pressure obtained from the circular chamber model is significantly higher than that of the semi-circular chamber model， but the velocity is lower. The leading shock wave exists in the circular chamber structure， but the semi-circular chamber model has obvious pressure fluctuations behind the generated detonation wave.