涡轮发动机用陶瓷基复合材料涡轮转子研究进展

Research Progress of Ceramic Matric Composites Turbine Rotors for Turbine Engines

关键词:  涡轮发动机  陶瓷基复合材料  涡轮转子  纤维预制体  功能材料  协同设计  综述

Key words:  Turbine engine  Ceramic matrix composite  Turbine rotors  Fiber preform  Functional materials  Collaborative design  Review

摘要:

高性能飞行器对涡轮发动机性能需求不断提升，对涡轮转子的耐温性和轻质化提出了苛刻要求。而目前高温合金涡轮转子性能逼近材料极限，难以满足未来涡轮发动机大幅减重提温的需求，先进陶瓷基复合材料（CMCs）涡轮转子成为必然趋势。介绍了涡轮转子用CMCs复合材料的设计、制备、加工、检测，以及各国在CMCs涡轮转子研制方面的进展，研究表明CMCs涡轮转子在液体火箭发动机、先进航空发动机领域具有巨大优势和应用潜力。当前连续纤维增强CMCs复合材料涡轮转子的耐温性能、抗热冲击性能已初步得到验证，而材料强度和韧性不足是制约CMCs在航空发动机涡轮转子上应用的主要因素，发展高强度、高韧性涡轮转子用CMCs材料成为当前研究热点和未来必然趋势。

Abstract:

The demand for improving the performance of turbine engines is constantly increasing， and so higher temperature resistance and more lightweight become extremely demanding for turbine rotors. At present， the performance of superalloy turbine rotor approaches its limit， and superalloy is difficult to meet the requirements of substantially reducing weight and rising temperature of turbine rotors in the future. Therefore， fabricating turbine rotors by ceramic matrix composite （CMCs） becomes an inevitable trend. This paper introduces the design， preparation， machining and testing of CMCs turbine rotors， as well as the progresses of CMCs turbine rotors in various countries. Those researches show that CMCs turbine rotors have great advantages and potentials in application of liquid rocket engines and aero engines. The performance of heat and thermal impact resistant of turbine rotors made by the continuous fiber reinforced CMCs is preliminary verified， but the weak strength and low toughness is shortage of CMCs for aeroengine application. Improving the strength and toughness of CMCs has becomes a hot topic and inevitable trend in the future.