高负荷压气机叶栅内三维旋涡结构及其形成机理的研究进展

Research Progress on Three-Dimensional Vortex Structures and Formation Mechanism of High-Loaded Compressor Cascades

关键词:  压气机叶栅  高负荷  旋涡结构  涡动力学  流动损失  综述

Key words:  Compressor cascade  High-loaded  Vortex structure  Vortex dynamic  Flow loss  Review

摘要:

压气机内的三维流场中存在着复杂的旋涡运动及气流分离，这些复杂的流体运动影响着压气机的高效及稳定运行，有必要了解并掌握压气机内旋涡结构的产生与发展机理。本文首先回顾了叶轮机械内经典的旋涡模型，重点综述了压气机叶栅旋涡模型的研究成果。然后，详细介绍了在矩形扩压叶栅和跨声速压气机静叶的旋涡结构方面取得的阶段性研究成果，分别讨论了三维旋涡结构的三种研究方法，验证了数值计算获取叶栅旋涡结构的可靠性，阐述了高负荷矩形扩压叶栅旋涡结构与流动损失的关联性，建立了跨声速压气机静叶三维定常旋涡结构模型，揭示了压气机静叶失速过程的涡动力学机理，并分析了非定常因素对静叶旋涡结构的影响规律。最后，针对今后在压气机旋涡结构的发展中会遇到的技术挑战和未来的发展方向做了几点展望。

Abstract:

There are complex vortex motion and flow separation in the three-dimensional flow field of the compressor, which affecting the efficient and stable operation of the compressor. It is necessary to understand and master the generation and development mechanism of the vortex structure in the compressor. It firstly reviewed the classic vortex structure models in the turbomachinery, and concentrated on the research results of compressor cascade vortex structure models. Then, research results on the vortex structures of linear compressor cascades and a transonic compressor stator were introduced in detail. Three types of research methods of three-dimensional vortex structure are discussed orderly, and the reliability of numerical calculation to obtain the cascade vortex structure is verified. The relationship between the vortex structures and the flow losses of a high-loaded linear compressor cascade is explained. It has established a three-dimensional steady vortex structure model of a transonic compressor stator, revealed the vortex dynamics mechanism of the compressor stator stall process, and analysed the influence law of unsteady factors to the compressor stator vortex structures. Finally, some technical challenges were pointed out and several prospects for the future development in the compressor vortex structures were made.