高能量密度液体燃料的火箭发动机燃烧性能研究

Study on Combustion Performance of High-Energy-DensityLiquid Fuels in Rocket Engine

关键词:  高密度液体燃料  纳米流体燃料  火箭发动机  燃烧性能  推进剂

Key words:  High-energy-density liquid fuel  Nanofluid fuel  Rocket engine  Combustion performance  Propellant

摘要:

为进一步提升火箭发动机的燃烧性能，采用模型火箭发动机研究了四种高能量密度液体燃料及一种添加纳米铝颗粒的纳米流体燃料的燃烧性能，分析几种燃料的燃烧效率、比冲、点火延迟时间等燃烧特性，以及纳米颗粒的燃烧产物。结果表明，在氧燃比为1.6～2.0的工况范围内，液体燃料的燃烧效率和质量比冲顺序为QC(四环庚烷)>HD-01>HD-03≈LGHD-03，密度比冲顺序为QC> HD-03≈LGHD-03>HD-01。QC燃料因其特殊的张力分子结构具备较高的密度、热值和化学活性，燃烧效率可达91.5%，质量比冲和密度比冲分别为230s和2276N·s/m3。向四环庚烷中添加15wt%纳米铝颗粒后，燃烧效率和质量比冲略有下降，但密度比冲可提高到2340N·s/m3，点火延迟时间较四环庚烷可缩短26ms，燃烧固体产物为碳，氧化铝和铝，纳米铝的燃烧效率约为91%。添加纳米铝颗粒的四环庚烷燃料是一种有潜力的新型液体高密度燃料。

Abstract:

For better combustion characters of rocket engine， the combustion performance of four high-energy-density liquid fuels and nanofluid fuel containing nano-sized aluminum particles were studied by using a model rocket engine. The combustion efficiency， mass/density specific impulse， ignition delay time， and the combustion products of nanoparticles were analyzed. The results show that in the air-to-fuel ratio of 1.6～2.0， the combustion efficiency and mass specific impulse of the four liquid fuels are in the order of QC>HD-01>HD-03≈LGHD-03， whereas the density specific impulse is in the order of QC> HD-03≈LGHD-03>HD-01. In particular， QC shows outstanding propulsion performance because of the high density， high energy and high reactivity derived from its unique strained molecular structure. QC shows combustion efficiency of 91.5%， mass and density specific impulse of 230s and 2276N·s/m3 respectively. When 15wt% nanosized Al particles are added in QC， the combustion efficiency and mass specific impulse are decreased slightly， but the density specific impulse increased to 2340N·s/m3 and the ignition delay was shorted by 26ms. The solid product after the combustion contains carbon， Al2O3 and Al， with the combustion efficiency of Al as about 91%. QC containing Al NPs is a potential high-density liquid fuel.