含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的感度特性

Sensitivity Characteristics of Double Base Propellants Containing Super Thermites

关键词:  物理化学  铝热剂  双基推进剂  机械感度  静电火花感度  热感度

Key words:  Physical chemistry  Thermites  Double-base propellant  Mechanical sensitivity  Electrostatic spark sensitivity  Thermal sensitivity

摘要:

采用超声分散复合法制备了铝热剂Al/PbO、Al/CuO和Al/Bi₂O₃,在评估其与双基推进剂主要组分相容性的基础上,将其应用于双基推进剂中。依据国军标方法考察了含不同铝热剂双基(MIC-DB)推进剂的机械感度,运用静电火花感度测试仪评估了不同MIC-DB推进剂对静电刺激响应的危险性,采用爆发点法测定了几种MIC-DB推进剂的热感度。结果表明,铝热剂对双基推进剂样品撞击感度的影响很小,几个配方的摩擦感度略显稍大,铝热剂种类对摩擦感度的影响很小；含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的静电火花感度均较低；含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的热感度受铝粉粒度差异和铝热剂类别(铝热剂中金属氧化物)不同的影响,含纳米级超级铝热剂双基推进剂对热的抵抗能力均比微米级的大。 

Abstract:

Super thermites Al/PbO, Al/CuO and Al/Bi₂O₃ were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion method using nano-Al, micro-Al, nano-PbO, nano-CuO and nano-Bi₂O₃ as the raw materials. On the bases of results of compatibility evaluation between super thermites and some double-base(DB) propellant components, these super thermites were applied in DB propellant. According to the national military standard methods, the mechanical sensitivity of different MIC-DB propellants was reviewed. Electrostatic spark sensitivity tester was employed to evaluate the risk of different MIC-DB propellants v.s. electrostatic response. The thermal sensitivity of several MIC-DB propellants was studied by 5s explosion temperature method. The results show that the effect of impact sensitivity of thermites on DB propellants is smaller, the friction sensitivities of several MIC-DB propellants are slightly larger, and the type of thermites has little effect on the friction sensitivity of MIC-DB propellants. The electrostatic spark sensitivity of all MIC-DB propellants is relatively low. The thermal sensitivity of several MIC-DB propellants is affected by the size of nano-Al and the category of super thermites. In comparison with the MIC-DB propellants with micro thermites, the heat-resistance of nano-MIC-DB propellants is larger.