吸气式高超声速技术研究进展

Progress in air-breathing hypersonic technology

关键词:  吸气式发动机  高超声速技术  冲压发动机  流体力学  一体化设计  研究进展

Key words:  Air-breathing engine  Hypersonic technique  Ramjet engine  Fluid mechanics  Integrated design  Review

摘要:

总结了中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)在吸气式高超声速技术在试验设备、超燃冲压发动机、数值模拟以及机体/推进一体化飞行器等方面的研究进展。介绍了三种类型的高焓设备:脉冲式燃烧加热风洞、连续式燃烧加热风洞和电弧风洞。通过多种尺度的超燃冲压发动机的直连式和自由射流式试验,获得了发动机的基本性能及其随油气比、喷孔位置等的变化规律。对比连续式和脉冲式风洞试验结果,得知工作时间大于100 ms的脉冲式燃烧设备是开展发动机基本性能研究的经济、高效试验手段。成功研制了三维大规模并行数值模拟软件平台AHL3D并广泛应用于发动机研究。在0.6 m风洞中,完成了1.5 m带动力飞行器试验,获得了发动机工作和不工作状态下的飞行器推阻及升力特性。

Abstract:

A status summary of our main progresses in the field of air-breathing hypersonic technology is present in this paper,including ground testing facility,scramjet,CFD methods and airframe/propulsion integrated vehicle.During past several years,three types of ground testing facility have been build and renovated in CARDC,which are pulse combustion facility,long duration combustion facility and arc-heated directly connected facility.Experiments of different size scramjet model have been carried out in our directly connected facilities and free-jet facilities.Performance,effects of fuel/air ratio,fuel injection and so on can be determined.Comparison of result between pulse facility and long duration facility indicates that the type of pulse facility with run duration more than 100ms is an efficient way to test engine performance without cooling system.In the past ten years,a massively parallel CFD code named AHL3D is developed and widely used in many scramjet applications.Based on our several years’ effort for technology readiness of hypersonic propulsion,a small scale airframe/propulsion integrated vehicle with 1.5m length was tested in our 0.6m facility,engine performance and vehicle drag/thrust characteristics under engine powered and un-powered conditions was evaluated.