对凝聚态工质激光推进的思考

Some thoughts on condensed propellants for laser propulsion

关键词:  激光推进  液体工质  固体工质  热力学循环

Key words:  Laser propulsion  Condensed propellants  Internal efficiency  Thermodynamic cycle

摘要:

液体和固体等凝聚态物质以其自身独有的特性引起了广泛的研究兴趣。目前的研究结果表明,液体工质的冲量耦合系数较高,固体工质的比冲较高,但是能量转化效率都比较低。对照化学火箭发动机的理想热力循环过程,在对激光推进工作过程合理简化假设的基础上,给出了激光推进的理想热力循环过程,对激光推进的能量转化效率和化学火箭发动机的热效率进行了定量对比分析,结果表明,在能量转化效率方面激光推进并没有优势。分析了掺杂材料、含能工质以及液膜对激光推进理想热力循环过程的影响。定量研究结果表明,含能工质对能量转化效率的提高作用最明显,掺杂材料和含能工质对能量转化效率的提高效果比较明显。

Abstract:

More and more scholars have shown great interests in liquid and solid propellants.The current research results show the high momentum coupling coefficient of liquids and the high specific impulse of solids.However,the internal efficiency of condensed propellants was relatively low.The ideal thermodynamic cycle of laser propulsion process was given as a comparison to chemistry rocket.There were no advantages in the field of internal efficiency of laser propulsion compared to chemistry rocket.The effects of dopants,energetic materials,liquid films on the ideal thermodynamic cycle of laser propulsion were analyzed.It is suggested to choose the liquid film,energetic materials and doped matters as propellants for laser propulsion so as to increase the specific impulse and coupling coefficient synchronously.This work may be helpful in the choice of condensed propellants for the future tasks of laser propulsion.