纳米结构铜铬氧化物的制备及在推进剂中的催化作用

Preparation of nano-structured copper-chromium oxide and its catalytic effect on RDX/AP/Al/HTPB propellant

关键词:  固体推进剂  燃烧催化剂  纳米结构铜铬氧化物+

Key words:  Solid propellant  Combustion catalyst  Nano-structured copper-chromium oxide~+

摘要:

为探索纳米催化剂的分散技术,设计并制备了由惰性组分和纳米颗粒铜铬氧化物(CC)组成的一种纳米结构催化剂(ns-CC)。研究了铜铬氧化物前驱体铬酸铜铵(CAC)的热解条件对纳米结构催化剂中CC晶粒尺寸的影响。XRD分析结合TEM观察表明升温速率增大,粒径变小,但保温时间在一定范围内对晶粒的影响不明显。ns-CC对AP催化热分解结果显示加入少量的ns-CC使AP的高温分解峰温提前95℃,且大幅增加AP的表观放热量。在RDX/AP/A l/HTPB推进剂中,添加0.5%的ns-CC和普通CC时,6MPa下燃速由基础配方的6.31mm/s分别提高到8.82和8.69mm/s,4~10MPa范围内压力指数由基础配方的0.35分别升高到0.38和0.49。初步研究表明,ns-CC是一种具有较大潜力的值得深入研究的推进剂燃烧催化剂。

Abstract:

A novel nano-structured Copper-Chromium oxide(ns-CC),which consisted of Copper-Chromium oxide(CC) nano particles and an inert component,was prepared to solve the aggregation problem of nano particles.It was studied that the effect of pyrolytic conditions of copper ammonium chromate precursor on the particle size of CC in ns-CC.Upon XRD analysis and TEM observation.The results show that particle size of CC decreases as heating rate increases and holding time at maximum pyrolytic temperature has no obvious influence on particle size of CC.The catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(AP) with ns-CC showes that the apparent exothermic heat of AP is enhanced greatly and the decomposition temperature at high-temperature decomposition zone of AP is lowered from 446℃(pure AP) to 351℃ with addition of small amount of ns-CC.When 0.5% ns-CC and common CC(by weight) were added into RDX/AP/Al/HTPB composite propellant,the burning rates at 6MPa increased from 6.31 mm/s(without catalyst) to 8.82 and 8.69 mm/s respectively;and the pressure exponent in the range of 4~10 MPa increased from 0.35(without catalyst) to 0.38 and 0.49 respectively,implying the prosperous potential of using ns-CC as propellant catalyst.