推进剂用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的合成及表征

Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer for propellants

关键词:  聚氨脂推进剂  热塑性  弹性体

Key words:  Polyurethane propellant  Thermoplasticity  Elastomer

摘要:

以聚己二酸乙二醇酯(PEA)、环氧乙烷 四氢呋喃无规共聚醚(PET),异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)及1,4 丁二醇(BDO)为原料;采用熔融二步法合成了一种能为硝酸酯增塑并满足推进剂使用要求的醚 酯共聚型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPUE)。采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),傅里叶变换红外光谱FTIR,力学性能测试和硝化甘油吸收实验等对TPUE进行表征。结果表明,制备的TPUE具有较高的相对分子质量(Mn>50000)和聚氨酯的结构特征,软段具有较低的玻璃化转变温度,以及具有与硝酸酯良好的相容性,具有满足推进剂使用要求的力学性能。

Abstract:

Nitroester plastisized thermoplastic Ether/Ester polyurethane elastomer suitable for thermoplastic propellant binders were prepared basing on polyethylene adipate,ethylene oxide/tetrahydrofuran random copolyether,isophorone diisocyanate and 1,4- butanediol. Melt-prepolymerization method was adopted to synthesize thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with different fraction of hard segments. GPC,FTIR,tensile test techniques and the miscibility with nitrate ester were applied to make further characterization of the TPUE.It shows that the TPUE has a higher molecular weight((Mn)>50000)with polyurethane characterization and exhibits excellent integrate properties to meet requirements of lower T_g of soft segments and good miscibility with nitrate ester and mechanical properties.