一种新型吸气式与火箭组合发动机(LOCE)及先进天地往返运输系统的发展

A NEW TYPE OF AIRBREATHING ROCKET COMBINED ENGINE (LOCE) AND THE DEVELOPMENT ON ADVANCED EARTH TO ORBIT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

关键词:  航天运输系统  火箭发动机  空气喷气发动机  组合发动机

Key words:  Earth-orbit transportation system  Rrocket engine  Air breathing engine  Combination engine

摘要:

根据先进天地往返运输系统的要求和火箭与吸气式组合发动机的特点，提出了重复使用的单级入轨飞机吸气式组合发动机方案的优化原则和一种优化的组合发动机循环：高压氢膨胀液化氧气循环吸气式火箭组合发动机（LOCE）。它是一种以火箭技术为基础的吸气式组合发动机，比冲可达35000m／s，其关键是成功地解决了吸气式组合发动机和火箭发动机燃烧室压力的不匹配，其液化效率比普通LACE循环提高了5～7倍。可借用成熟火箭技术，推重比高是低速阶段（Ma＝0～5）的最佳方式之一。

Abstract:

The requirements on advanced aerospace transportation system is clearly stated. Inthis paper., the characteristics of the rocket are compared with those of the airbreathing combinedengine. The type of airbreathing engines, which performance is better than that of the rocket engine,must be classified by their flight Mach number. Reusable single stage to orbit spacecraft will emergeas a result of two-in-one combination of these two types of engines. It is to be expeted that the onlyway in the future development is the integration of advantages of the two types of engines. Theoptimal principles of airbreathing combined engine is presented. The thrust to weight ratio is moreimportant than the specific impulse in the course of flight. A new optimal combined engine cycle, highpressure hydrogen expansion Liquefying Oxygen Cycle Engine (LOCE), is put forward by analyzingindividual characteristics of the rocket and the airbreathing engine. It is a type of rocket based onairbreathing combined cycle engines (RBCC) which specific impulse can reach up to 35000m/s. Itsuccessfully solves the inconsistency of chamber pressure of rocket engine and that of airbreathingengine. Its liquefaction efficiency is 5-7 times higher than that of ordinary LACE cycle. It has highspecific impulse and high thrust to weight ratio. This cycle, integrated the advantages of rocket andairbreathing engines, is one of the best ways at low speed phases (Ma= 0~5).