一种多任务模式离子液体推进剂的制备、表征及催化分解研究

Studies on Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Decompositionof Multitask Mode Ionic Liquid Propellant

关键词:  离子液体  硝酸羟胺  推进剂  催化分解  多任务模式

Key words:  Ionic liquid  Hydroxylamine nitrate  Propellant  Catalytic decomposition  Multitask mode

摘要:

为获得可用于多任务模式、高密度、高比冲、宽液态温度范围、良好热稳定性的新型离子液体推进剂，以N-甲基咪唑为原料，通过烷基化反应生成离子盐，该盐与四氟硼酸钠/双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂发生复分解反应，制得一系列咪唑基离子液体。利用核磁共振 ( ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR)、高分辨质谱（HRMS）等对产物结构进行了表征。并分别利用热重分析仪、密度仪、粘度计等，研究离子液体的热稳定性、密度、粘度等性能。通过点滴着火试验，借助高速摄像机评价了硝酸羟胺和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐复合后的推进剂点火燃烧性能。采用化学反应平衡产物软件考察了硝酸羟胺含量对推进剂能量特性的影响规律。结果表明，硝酸羟胺含量在40wt%~60wt%是优选的推进剂配方。试验证明了50wt%硝酸羟胺与50wt%1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐复合推进剂具有良好的催化分解燃烧性能，是一种有潜力的新型多任务模式离子液体推进剂。

Abstract:

In order to synthesis a new ionic liquid propellant with multitask mode, high density, high specific impulse, wide liquid temperature range and good thermal stability, N-methyl imidazole was used as raw material to generate ionic salt through the alkylation reaction in this article. A series of imidazolyl ionic liquids were prepared by the metathesis reaction of the ionic salt with NaBF ₄/LiNTf ₂. The products were well characterized by NMR ( ¹H NMR， ¹³C NMR) and HRMS techniques. Thermal gravimetric analyzer, densitometer and viscometer were employed to test the thermal decomposition temperature, density, viscosity of these compounds. The ignition and combustion performance of the propellant prepared from hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ethylsulfate (EMIMEtSO ₄) was evaluated through a drop test by means of a high-speed camera. Chemical equilibrium and application software was applied to study the change law of HAN contents on the energy characteristics of the propellant. The results showed that the HAN contents in 40wt%~60wt% were the optimal propellant formula. It has been proved that a blend of 50wt% HAN and 50wt% EMIMEtSO ₄ have good catalytic decomposition and combustion performance, and is a new multitask mode ionic liquid propellant with potential application.