航空发动机空气起动系统性能匹配计算方法

Matching Performance Calculation Method for Aero-Engine Air Starting Systems

关键词:  空气起动系统  匹配机理  引气管路损失  调压装置特性  计算方法

Key words:  Air starting systems  Matching mechanism  Loss of pipeline  Pressure regulator characteristics  Computation method

摘要:

为了探索航空发动机空气起动系统的匹配机理，寻找改善全包线内系统性能的技术途径，通过对系统各单元工作特性及相互制约条件的分析，在综合辅助动力装置(APU)、引气管路、调压装置、空气涡轮起动机(ATS)特性计算模型的基础上，发展了一种基于各单元匹配的空气起动系统性能计算方法。该方法能够准确获取系统设计点、各单元特征参数及边界条件，确定APU引气特性、引气管路损失特性、ATS喉道面积和调压装置蝶阀调节规律，进而实现空气起动系统全包线特性计算。利用试验数据对模型进行了校验，结果表明，输出功率计算误差<3.5%、引气流量计算误差<4%。该模型克服了目前工程上只能单点计算，且需反复迭代的缺陷，为空气起动系统总体性能设计和评估提供了一种有效的分析工具。

Abstract:

To explore the matching mechanism and improve the performance in full envelope of aeroengine air starting systems，a simplified method to simulate air starting systems performance in terms of matching was developed through the analysis of the characteristics and mutual restriction of each unit. The method was of comprehensive auxiliary power unit, air pipeline, pressure regulator and air turbine starter performance simulation model. It is capable of obtaining design point of air starting systems and key characteristic parameters of each unit and boundary condition accurately. The air bleeding characteristics of auxiliary power unit, losing characteristics of air bleeding pipeline, throat area of air turbine starter and regulation law of pressure regulation device were determined, consequently the characteristics of air starting systems were computed at various states in engine starting envelope. This model was validated using testing data. Results show that, the deviations of power output is within 3.5%，while the deviations of air bleeding flow is within 4%, meeting the requirements of engineering application. The model can overcome the disadvantages of single-point computation and repeated iteration of engineering method. The model provides an effective analysis tool for performance design and evaluation of air starting systems.