圆弧端齿联轴器定位机理研究

Positioning Mechanism of Curvic Coupling

关键词:  转子  圆弧端齿  联轴器  装配定位

Key words:  Rotor  Curvic coupling  Couplings  Assembly positioning

摘要:

为了获得圆弧端齿联轴器定位精度设计和评估方法，对圆弧端齿联轴器定位机理进行了理论研究。阐述了圆弧端齿联轴器采用的弹性平均定位法及其定位原理，分析了常见的弹性平均结构设计误区，指出了影响弹性平均定位效果的关键因素。通过对圆弧端齿齿面受力分析，揭示了齿面结构参数对定心效果的影响机理，提出了齿面结构参数满足定心要求的必要条件，并根据圆弧端齿联轴器结构特点，构建了定位结构超静定系统力学模型。利用超静定系统平衡方程，结合变形协调条件，推导了圆弧端齿联轴器轴向偏差和同心偏差计算方法，并给出了定位偏差计算算例。结果表明，装配力和弹性补偿是弹性平均定位的关键要素，定位结构应保证接触面在装配力的作用下可以产生有效弹性补偿；联轴器轴向偏差和同心偏差受单齿刚度影响，随着刚度弱化的相邻齿数增加，轴向偏差变化率有逐渐增大趋势。

Abstract:

In order to obtain the design and evaluation methods of positioning precision of curvic coupling， the positioning mechanism of curvic coupling was theoretically studied. The elastically averaged positioning method and its positioning principle adopted by curvic coupling were expounded. Common misunderstandings in structure design by elastically averaged positioning were analyzed， and the key influencing factors were pointed out. Through the force analysis of curvic coupling， the mechanism of structural parameters of tooth surface effect on concentric positioning were revealed， the necessary conditions for centering requirements were pointed out， and the statically indeterminate model derived from curvic coupling was constructed according to its structure characteristics. By using balance equations of the statically indeterminate model and deformation compatibility condition， the coaxial and concentric deviation calculation methods of curvic coupling were derived， and the calculation examples of the location deviation were given. The results show that assembly force and elastic compensation are the key factors of elastically averaged positioning. Positioning structures should ensure that contact surfaces can produce effective elastic compensation under the action of assembly force; the axial deviation and concentric deviation of the coupling are affected by the stiffness of the single tooth， and the change rate of axial deviation gradually increased with the increase of the number of adjacent teeth.